Rules of Lightning and Surge Protection
Lightning strokes, which add up to 200 kA or 300 kV, cause hazards on the equipment or location, so lightning protection is vital for operation.
Let's commence with the first note in regards to what is lightning and why lightning protection is indeed important. The essential phenomenon behind lightning is always that charges accumulated from the cloud and the earth are equal and opposite. This forms a non-uniform potential gradient surface in mid-air. If the gradient is greater as opposed to potential with the surface, the breakdown occurs along with a "streamer" flows from the cloud towards earth.
A direct stroke occurs when the lightning hits the electricity systems directly that the immense potential will cause destruction with the equipment or perhaps the facility. As opposed, an indirect stroke occurs from the lightning discharges from the proximity with the power line or from electrostatic discharge on the conductor due to the charged clouds.
The primary power system elements requiring lightning protection are power feeds, home security systems, telephone lines, data and control systems and RF cables.
Ways of Lightning Protection. The rolling sphere strategy is utilized for identifying the precise placement of the lightning and surge protection devices near the equipment under operation.
Protection of the power line against direct strokes is through a ground wire or protector tube. The previous produces electrostatic screening, that's afflicted with the capacitances in the cloud to line and also the line to ground. Rogues forms an arc between your electrodes, causing gas deionisation.
Rooftop/Frame Protection. It really is interesting to notice that the building and rooftop frame or cladding is preferably metal than insulation type.
Installing a finial towards the top of the energy tower should have a nominal amount distance of merely one.5 m over the highest antenna or lights. This type of rooftop or building frame is made of reinforced steel for cover purpose.
Wooden towers without downconductors may cause a fire hazard, since they route the incoming charges to ground. In principal, for non-metallic roofs, proper downconductors needs to be installed at the appropriate location and height.
Device Protection. Antenna lightning protection is supplied through spark gap, the gas discharge tube and quad-wavelength shorted stub. The very first method uses ball points to ensure in case a strike occurs, high potential forms together and also the ground. The next method causes gas deionisation through arc formation between the electrodes. The last method runs on the coax transmission line throughout the transmission line to ensure that system bandwidth is narrow.
A lightning arrester is often a device offering lightning protection by regulating spark gaps. The device classification may vary from rod gap, horn gap and valve type to metal oxide lightning arresters.
Earthing and Bonding Solutions. Now let's find how earthing and bonding solutions for lightning protection should be afforded. Design for earth rods, terminals or clamps ought to be in a way to route the incoming transients to earth to minimise step and touch potentials. The geometric measurements chosen should conform to the IEEE and NFPA standards. Any earthing system needs to have proper bonding, as ground potential rise is not compensated. Again, the amount of interconnects and spacing must be designed per the lightning standards.
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Let's commence with the first note in regards to what is lightning and why lightning protection is indeed important. The essential phenomenon behind lightning is always that charges accumulated from the cloud and the earth are equal and opposite. This forms a non-uniform potential gradient surface in mid-air. If the gradient is greater as opposed to potential with the surface, the breakdown occurs along with a "streamer" flows from the cloud towards earth.
A direct stroke occurs when the lightning hits the electricity systems directly that the immense potential will cause destruction with the equipment or perhaps the facility. As opposed, an indirect stroke occurs from the lightning discharges from the proximity with the power line or from electrostatic discharge on the conductor due to the charged clouds.
The primary power system elements requiring lightning protection are power feeds, home security systems, telephone lines, data and control systems and RF cables.
Ways of Lightning Protection. The rolling sphere strategy is utilized for identifying the precise placement of the lightning and surge protection devices near the equipment under operation.
Protection of the power line against direct strokes is through a ground wire or protector tube. The previous produces electrostatic screening, that's afflicted with the capacitances in the cloud to line and also the line to ground. Rogues forms an arc between your electrodes, causing gas deionisation.
Rooftop/Frame Protection. It really is interesting to notice that the building and rooftop frame or cladding is preferably metal than insulation type.
Installing a finial towards the top of the energy tower should have a nominal amount distance of merely one.5 m over the highest antenna or lights. This type of rooftop or building frame is made of reinforced steel for cover purpose.
Wooden towers without downconductors may cause a fire hazard, since they route the incoming charges to ground. In principal, for non-metallic roofs, proper downconductors needs to be installed at the appropriate location and height.
Device Protection. Antenna lightning protection is supplied through spark gap, the gas discharge tube and quad-wavelength shorted stub. The very first method uses ball points to ensure in case a strike occurs, high potential forms together and also the ground. The next method causes gas deionisation through arc formation between the electrodes. The last method runs on the coax transmission line throughout the transmission line to ensure that system bandwidth is narrow.
A lightning arrester is often a device offering lightning protection by regulating spark gaps. The device classification may vary from rod gap, horn gap and valve type to metal oxide lightning arresters.
Earthing and Bonding Solutions. Now let's find how earthing and bonding solutions for lightning protection should be afforded. Design for earth rods, terminals or clamps ought to be in a way to route the incoming transients to earth to minimise step and touch potentials. The geometric measurements chosen should conform to the IEEE and NFPA standards. Any earthing system needs to have proper bonding, as ground potential rise is not compensated. Again, the amount of interconnects and spacing must be designed per the lightning standards.
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